Public Debt Management System in Govt. Accounting Phenomena

Public Debt Management is the process of establishing and implementing a policy for managing the government's debt in order to raise the required amount of funding, track its cost and risk objectives, and to convene any other public debt management goals for which the government has put criteria for developing and maintaining an efficient and liquid market for national securities. Hence,

 

The Legal framework should clarify the authority to borrow and to issue new debt, invest and undertake transactions on behalf of the Government. The organizational framework should be well specified where mandates and roles are well articulated. Sovereign debt management may span a country's debt management organization or a fundamental depository. Debt management report should be made publicly which would review preceding year's activities and provide synopsis of borrowing plans based on budget protuberance.

 

The Public Accounts comprises of three divisions Debt, Deposits and Reserves and Remittances. The 'Debt' Comprises receipt and payments in respect of which government incurs a liability to repay the money received or has a claim to recover the amount paid together with repayments of the former and recoveries of the latter. State General Provident Fund, National Savings Certificate and Postal Savings Certificates etc. are recorded in this division. The 'Deposit and Reserves' comprises receipts and payment for which the Government acts as a banker. The government, as the banker, deals with civil deposit, personal deposit and renewal reserve fund etc. The 'Remittances' division comprises all adjusting heads for instance, remittances to and from Bangladesh Bank and PWD, Defence, Forest, T and T and Postal etc. Remittances to Bangladesh mission abroad are also included in this division. The form of accounting used by the Government of Bangladesh is based on the cash basis of accounting; that is, recording the transaction at the time when cash is paid or received. Cash basis of Accounting is a traditional basis of govt accounting. There are completely two different sets of published accounts in Bangladesh- the Annual Finance Accounts and the Annual Appropriation Accounts and Annual Finance Accounts: The Finance Accounts reflect total annual receipts and expenditure of the government together with relevant financial statements.

Furthermore, the cash balance of the government is also publicized in this statement where preparation of the Annual Finance Accounts is vested with the C&AG according to Article 4 of the Comptroller and Auditor General (Additional Functions) Act, 1974. Appropriation Accounts: The appropriation is a proportional report viewing comprehensive head-wise/code-wise ultimate budgetary distribution and authentic expenses of different ministries and their subordinate offices with details of variances (if any). According to Article 128 of the Constitution and Rule 4 of the Comptroller and Auditor General (Additional functions) Act 1974, preparation of the Appropriation Accounts by the concerned Accounts Offices, it is reviewed by the Directorates of Civil Audit and PT&T according to concerned portions and then certified by the C&AG with required observations.

The primary accounts are held in reserve where the transactions take place. There are two branches of primary accounts, one kept by the govt. accounting departments; and the other kept by the self-drawing departments known as departmentalized accounts departments, like Public Works Department, Telephone Board Postal Department, forest Department etc. To keep consistency and for the convenience of administrative functions, govt. has set up accounting offices under the control of CGA. CGDF and ADGFR. Office of the CGA covers all ministries and departments except Defence and Railway. The lowest tire of accounting unit tender the Controller General of Accounts (CGA) is the Upazilla Accounts Office. Next unit is the District Accounts Office, which is located at the District Headquarters. For the account purpose, there are also 20 regional Accounts Offices at the greater district headquarters, which consolidate the accounts received from the District and Upazilla Accounts Officers for onward transmission to the Controller General of Accounts. The Chief Accounts Offices of the respective Ministries keep accounts of the presidency. There are 21 Accounts Offices for the ministries and divisions of the govt. They work under the Administrative control of the C&AG and CGA and under the functional control of the secretary of the concerned Ministry/Division. All these Accounts Offices and their activities facilities the CGA office to prepare the Monthly Accounts, the Finance Accounts and Appropriation Accounts. Considering the special nature of functions and activities of the Defense Service and the Railway. Govt. has established separated departments for their accounting functions, namely the CGDF and the ADGFR respectively. Accounting units of these Departments also prepare and maintain their monthly accounts, which facilitate the CGDF and the ADGFR to prepare the Monthly Accounts, the Finance Accounts and the Appropriation Accounts.

The accounting system for the departments, which run the Departmentalized concept such as Railway, Defence, Postal, T&T, Works, Forest etc, is a bit different from concept such as Railway, Defense, Postal, T&T, Works, Forest etc. is a bit different from the general government accounting system. However, except Railway all other departments do not have separate bank account. The Railway has separate bank account with the Bangladesh Bank and that shows separate through a head called ''Remittance""- an adjusting head in the government account and deposit it their income through using this head too. The Bangladesh Bank (BB) acts the banker to the government although there exists distinction between Consolidated Fund and Public Account, in effect cash balance of the Government is one and that lies with the Bangladesh Bank. The Accounting Offices issue cheque in favour of the parties/person's and then the cheques are finally drawn from the (now Central Reconciliation Unit) fore reconciliation and outside the presidency where there are no branches of BB Sonali Bank acts as the Banker to the Government Cheques issued by the Accounting Offices and drawn on the Sonali Bank afterwards are sent back to the concerned Accounting Offices for reconciliation. The Thana, District and Chief Accounts Officers record each and every transaction of the government as the initial accounts where it is applicable. Initial accounts are recorded under the relevant head of accounts where the transaction is taken place where Upazilla and District Accounts Offices send accounts as usual by the 10th of the following month. The DCA Offices subsequently classify the detailed accounting information under the respective head of accounts and propel it to the CGA by the 20th of that month. On the other side, self-drawing Departments transmit their accounts to the CAO of their respective ministries. Along with those, the CAO Office prepares initial accounts of the presidency, classify and consolidate the accounts within the purview of its ministry's boundaries and then send the accounts to the CGA by 20th of the following month. They also send the accounts to their respective Principal Accounting Officer/Secretary of Ministry or Division. CGA Prepares consolidated accounts based on the accounting data supplied by the CAO and DCA's. Similar procedure is followed in the accounting units of the Defense Finance and Railway so far as flow of accounts is concerned. In respect of preparation of the Finance Accounts and the Appropriation Accounts of the Defence Ministry and the Railway Department, the CGDF and the ADGFR respectively play the key role. The monthly Accounts prepared and maintained by the Accounts Officers of the government are the basis of Finance Accounts and the Appropriation Accounts. The following criteria are the factor which is worth noting.

• Well-articulated responsibilities for staff, clear monitoring, control policies and reporting arrangements required.


• Precise and comprehensive management information system with proper safeguards.


• Staff be subject to a code of conduct and conflict of interest guidelines re management of personal financial affairs.

Debt Management approach:

Risk can be moderate by transforming debt structure against costs which is accelerated for borrowing decisions at reduced risks. Debt managers should consider financial and other risks characteristic to government cash flows where carefully assessment and managing risk associated with foreign currency and short term floating rate debt is virtual important with due regard. Debt Management Strategy should be Cost effective where cash management policies needs to meet with a high degree of certainty financial obligations as they fall due. A framework enabling debt managers to manage the trade-off between expected costs and risk in government debt portfolio should be set forth in consistence with real life situation. Impact of contingent liabilities on Government financial and liquidity position cannot be ignored while making decision in respect of selecting borrowing criteria.

Risks in sovereign debt management

 

Market risks involve changes in interest rate, exchange rate and commodity prices and their impact on government debt servicing. Longer term fixed rate needs to be preferred. In this connection, rollover risk is another factor to reduce risk in the field of Debt Management System: The risk that debt may have to be rolled over at an unusually high cost, and in extreme cases, cannot be rolled over. Operational Risk: A Transaction error, failure of internal control or systems, security breaches natural disasters affecting business activity.

• Risks in sovereign debt management


• Liquidity risk: It involves a situation when volumes of liquid assets diminish quickly in face of unanticipated cash flow obligation or difficulty in raising cash thru borrowing on short notice. Credit Risk: It refers to non-performance by borrowers on loans or other financial assets e.g. contingent liabilities, derivative contract entered into by debt manager.


• Develop Efficient Govt. Securities Market

• To minimize cost and risk debt managers should strive to develop efficient securities market. To strive to achieve a broad investor base for both domestic and foreign obligation with investors being treated equitably.


• The primary market should be transparent and predictable with market-based debt issuance. Government should promote a resilient and there should have criteria for

 

Debt versus Deficit which

 

deficit is a flow of new debt incurred when the Government spends more than it raises as taxes.

 

• Ex: When US government ran a deficit of $ 100 billion in 1995, it adds to stock of government debt, but when it enjoyed a surplus of $ 200 billion in 1999, it reduced the stock by that amount.

Objectives of Debt management

• To ensure that government financing needs and its payment obligations are met.


• To secure government debt at the lowest possible cost over medium and long range.


• It should be consistent with prudent degree of risk


• Coordination with Monetary and Fiscal Policies

Debt Managers, fiscal policy advisors and central bankers should share an understanding on the objectives of debt management, fiscal and monetary policies. They should also know Government's current and future liquidity requirements. Debt managers should convey fiscal authorities their views on the costs and risk associated with government financing requirements and debt levels. Divergent objectives respected where Debt-managers focus on cost/risk trade-off of debt while monetary policy directed towards achieving price-stability and inflation issues. In this connection, Debt management and monetary policy be allowed to perform in their own realms with one not affecting the core objectives of the other. Furthermore, the goal of cost minimization subject to prudent level of risk should not be viewed as a mandate to reduce interest rate. Coordination with Monetary and Fiscal Policies

 

Debt Managers, fiscal policy advisors and central bankers should share an understanding on the objectives of debt management, fiscal and monetary policies. They should also know Government's current and future liquidity requirements where Debt managers should convey fiscal authorities their views on the costs and risk associated with government financing requirements and debt levels.

• Divergent objectives respected and in this respect, debt-managers focus on cost/risk trade-off of debt while monetary policy directed towards achieving price-stability and inflation issues.


• Debt management and monetary policy be allowed to perform in their own realms with one not affecting the core objectives of the other.


• The goal of cost minimization subject to prudent level of risk should not be viewed as a mandate to reduce interest rate.

Borrowing Authority:

An IMF survey shows that:

• In all of the countries surveyed, the legal authority to borrow rests with the parliament


• In most of the countries, legislation has been enacted authorizing the Ministry of Finance to borrow on behalf of the government.


• In some others, that power has been delegated to the Cabinet, and in one case (India) straightly to the state bank.

Debt Management Responsibility in Bangladesh: Regarding debt management system, there exists lots of responsibility to create and debt management market by borrowing and establishing funds and in a nutshell, these are as follows:

• The Rules of Business empowers Finance Division to borrow and float market loans. Bangladesh Bank Order 1972 envisages that BB acts as an agent to the Government, among others, for management of the public debt, they play active role in this respect.


• FSAP Report of IMF recommended that the terms, manner and conditions of borrowing fund should rest with Finance Division.


• The Report envisaged that Debt Management Office may be established in Finance Division. That the Office should report to Finance Secretary. The Office is responsible for all public debt including NSCs and external debt as well. Currently, NSCs debt are managed by IRD while external debt are managed by ERD, while borrowing from the banking system is managed by Bangladesh Bank with peripheral. Current Practice in Debt Management


• Domestic debt management is performed by BB very often not reflecting the needs of Government's fiscal policy. The objective of debt management and monetary management seems to get blurred. Because of lack of involvement FD depends on its creditor (BB) for debt stock and borrowing information during the year.

 

Government accounting system derived its authorization from the Constitution of Bangladesh and as such the Constitution empowered the Comptroller and Auditor General to lay down the forms and manners of the government accounting. The Comptroller and Auditor General (Additional Functions) Act, 1974 assigned the C&AG with the responsibilities of maintenance the accounts of the Republic. These responsibilities of the Appropriation Accounts. Office of the Controller General of Accounts (CGA), Controller General Defense Finance (CGDF), Additional Director General Finance of Railway (ADGFR) and the Bangladesh Bank are the main source of accounting information for the government. Controller General of Accounts (CGA) plays the most important role in the government accounting function. CGA is responsible for keeping the accounts of the receipts and expenditure that are done the govt. departments other than the departmentalized accounting Departments and the Defense and Railway Department. CGDF maintains the accounts of the armed Forces and the departments under the Ministry of Defense. ADGFR is responsible for keeping the accounts of Bangladesh Railway. Bangladesh Bank furnishes the information and figures to the govt. accounting departments regarding foreign loans and aids provided by the International Development Partners to Bangladesh.

Tips Choosing a Debt Settlement Company

With consumer debt at an all time high, increasing numbers of people are looking for a way to financial freedom. As a result, the popularity of the debt settlement company is growing at a steady pace. A debt settlement company offers one of the quickest ways out of debt today. These companies, sometimes referred to as debt negotiation companies have arbitrators that negotiate directly with your creditors to have your unsecured credit balances reduced.
 
When you are looking to get relief from your debt problems, a lot of people tend to feel that the only good solution is to go about getting credit counseling or to even file for bankruptcy. What a lot of these people do not realize is that there is a little known about process that is known as debt settlement. The goal of debt settlement is to allow you to not only meet the requirements and needs of your creditors for less than what they say that you owe them but to also save you as much cash as possible throughout the process of it.

One of the many reasons why a lot of people choose a debt settlement institution is because their amount of debt amounts are highly out weighing what they are capable of managing in order to back the full amounts to avoid having to file for bankruptcy. Another reason as to why a lot of people choose to go about a debt settlement company is simple because they are way too fed up with the credit card companies because they are constantly increasing the interest rates to unfair advantages and they refuse to lower it no matter how much you try and get them to.

However, the absolutely number one reason as to why people choose to utilize a debt settlement company is to relieve the burden of being in debt. The burden of debt becomes such an overwhelming thing that their biggest goal is to become debt free and as a result it outweighs the thought of what could happen to their credit profile if they do not act upon it immediately. This is why the debt settlement process is something that is gone after when trying to accomplish the goals of getting out of debt and staying out of debt.

It becomes absolutely needed to eliminate your debt before trying to improve your credit score. This is because thirty percent of your score is determined by your debt to credit ratio so if you happen to have a lot of outstanding debt your score will be a lot lower than it should be which as a result can hinder your chances of getting anywhere financially. Your credit profile is a good indication of your history in terms of payments and late payments and such but it is one hundred percent possible to improve your score over a period of time because in the United States everyone gets a second chance at doing that.

Banking and financial institutions would love to keep you locked into the state of mind that your credit score is the absolutely most important thing in your life. Do not get suckered into feeling this way because it's their way of fearing you into doing things their way. It is by all means an important part of your life but in no way should you allow it to dominate your life and make it so that it is the only thing that you care about. These financial institutions do not really care about you; all they care about is making more money. Why else would they raise your credit limit on your credit cards in order for you to charge more things to it? It is because they know that you are likely to fall into some sort of debt like most Americans and as a result they will make more money off of you and your debt.

When you are looking about the different options and as debt settlement comes to pass you realize that it is your choice to become debt free. There are typically two different types of companies that can help you in becoming debt free over time. The first one is the type of Debt Settlement Company that you see advertised everywhere that happen to not be lawyer based. The others are law firms that happen to have a debt settlement service as one of the things that they offer to people.

When you are searching for a debt settlement company there are some important things that you really do need to consider before choosing the right one that will help you become debt free. There are even some things that you should steer clear from if you want the best possible help for your current financial situation.

The first thing that I would like to point out is that any of these companies should be able to save you at least half of your debt including the fees that you have to pay and the paying of your creditors. While on your own you can typically save around half of that without too much effort on your behalf, getting any more relief than that will require a fair degree of experience that you do not have. One thing you need to be aware of when attempting to speak to someone from any debt settlement company is that you should always do your homework first. There are some companies out there that just want to make as much cash as they can off of their clients without any true regard for their own problems. These people say just about anything that you want to hear in order to get you signed up with their programs.

One way to see through all of the best is that some of these companies will tell you that you can set up a monthly payment for any amount that the client wants. This payment will usually be quite low and for a lot longer period of a time that many of the more reputable companies will allow you to have. This obviously will remove the purpose of what you are trying to accomplish because the longer the period of time you have to pay off a loan the more interest that will pile on and the more you will end up having to pay back as a result.

When you are looking about the different options and as debt settlement comes to pass you realize that it is your choice to become debt free. There are typically two different types of companies that can help you in becoming debt free over time. The first one is the type of Debt Settlement Company that you see advertised everywhere that happen to not be lawyer based. The other is law firms that happen to have a debt settlement service as one of the things that they offer to people.

A lot of people get into the mind set that there is a magic way to fix any of their problems quickly. These bad companies understand this need and typically are very good at catering to that and as a result sign up thousands of people on a yearly basis. Be careful of what they tell you because at first it may sound like a great deal but they do not usually include how much it will cost you in the long run. The first thing that you need to ask them is if their claim of savings includes their companies; fees or not.

You should also make certain that you have a realistic time frame for paying back your debt. There is a huge benefit in going with a debt settlement company in that you can become debt free in a short period of time instead of paying the minimum payments to your creditors which with interest takes quite a long period of time to finish up. You should most definitely pick a debt settlement company that is going to focus on getting you debt free in two or less years only. This is because by stretching your payment plan further than three years time you will never get the full benefits that you are seeking out due to increasing interest piling on. The longer the program is that you sign up for the more debt you will end up having to pay out of as a result of it.

You should also make certain that the collection calls will be stopped from being made. One of the bad aspects of these debt settlement companies is that in order for your creditors to be willing to let you pay less you are going to have to fall behind on your payments to them. As a result of this you will end up getting several calls from collection agencies. This can be very annoying and just straight up aggravating. So when it comes to getting these calls stopped the only way that you can legally get them to is by having a lawyer from the debt settlement company to represent you.

As a result of this they must contact your lawyer or they will be faced with a law suit otherwise. If you are told from your debt settlement company that you can have these calls stopped to make certain that they have a lawyer to aid you in this. By law a collection agency does not have to deal with the debt settlement company unless they provide you with an attorney. If they tell you to just send a cease and desist letter to the collection agency, be careful, because you will leave them with no option but to serve you with papers to appear in court and as a result could end up being sued.

You need to make certain that the company you go with is a reputable one. To start with you should check out the better business bureau to see if they have any negative comments regarding their business practices. After this you should consider how long they have actually been in business as a general rule of thumb is that a company that has been in business for over ten years in good standing should give you some sense of peace in knowing that they know what they are doing and have helped a lot of people in the years past.

If the company you go with is only a year or two old be wary of this because there are lots of fly by night operations that sign up lots of people knowing that they are not going to be able to help them just to get the collection fees and when that is over and done with they close up shop and start a new company. If you end up going with a law firm you should obviously make sure that they are registered with the state bar association. If you have a problem and complain, they could lose their license, so it is in their best interest to help you if you go with them and do the best job that they can do for their clients.

The warning signs are pretty obvious because if a company has a poor record with the better business bureau it would be best to stay away. If the company is fairly new be sure to do your homework before going about getting their services as it would be in your best interests.

Even though debt settlement is a very smart way to go about getting out of debt just like anything you need to be careful with the place that you go with. If you read this guide carefully you will have a leg up and know how on how to choose the best possible company that can help you and your situation. You too can soon be out of debt completely and have a huge weight lifted off of your chest.

Source: http://www.debtneutralizer.com

If you are looking for ways to get out of your credit card debt, bankruptcy does not have to be the answer. There are a few tips you can use to avoid bankruptcy and find debt relief.
For more information, please complete the Free Debt Evaluation form on the left or contact us at 714-585-2353 or debtneutralizer@gmail.com.

Secured and Unsecured Debt

Secured vs unsecured debt

Many people find themselves mired in debt without understanding what exactly they have. They understand that they owe money to various lenders, and they know how much, but they don't know why these debts have varying payment requirements and interest rates. Why do some debts require collateral, while others do not? Why do credit cards charge so much interest? What sort of debts should be paid off aggressively, and which can be permitted to sit? In order to answer all these questions, it's necessary to understand the difference between secured and unsecured debt.

Secured debt is debt which has collateral involved. Collateral is any piece of property which is offered up as an assurance that the loan will be paid by the debtor. In the event that the loan is not paid, the lender will be given ownership of the property. Secured debt is thus most commonly used when a borrower wishes to purchase a large, expensive piece of property, since this means the purchase will require a large amount of money and also that in the event of default, the lender will be in possession of something valuable. This is why auto loans and mortgages are secured debts, in the event that the borrower is unable to pay the interest payments, the lender will gain ownership of a car or house, which they can sell to make up for the money they will not be able to collect from the borrower. Secured debt gives the lender security in the knowledge that they will end up making money either way, and so secured debt tends to require smaller payments over longer periods of time, and with less interest, than unsecured debt.

Unsecured debt is money which is leant out purely on the faith that the borrower will pay. While this may sound risky, the vast majority of borrowers are honest and responsible people who pay back money quickly. Indeed, in the modern economic world, essentially everyone has been given at least some unsecured debt. This is most commonly done using a credit card, although there are many other forms of unsecured debt. Unsecured debt is often easier to get than secured debt, since no collateral is required. Unfortunately, because there is less assurance that the lender will still make money, unsecured debt tends to have higher rates of interest. Anyone familiar with how quickly credit card bills accumulate when compared to, say, car loan payments, will be familiar with how high unsecured debt interest rates tend to be. Unsecured debt also tends to be dependent on a person's reputation and ability to pay back loans, and so those with bad credit or no credit may find it difficult or expensive to get. It is also easy to get trapped in large amounts of unsecured debt since it is often given out carelessly and with no consideration as to the borrower's ability to repay it, since the high rates of interest usually mean that the lender makes a profit even in the event of a default.

Because of the hazardous nature of unsecured debt as compared to secured debt, it is important to avoid unsecured debt and make efforts to pay it down quickly. While the fear of losing a house or a car may drive someone in high levels of debt to pay down their mortgage or car loan first, this will cost them money in the long run as their credit card bills begin to balloon. Persons with large amounts of unsecured debt should look into consolidating their debt by taking out a single secured debt and using it to pay off all their unsecured debts. This form of debt consolidation is offered by many banks and get-out-of-debt services and charities. Of course, one mustn't neglect secured debt, since any form of debt is dangerous when allowed to accumulate, but the lower rates of interest due to the presence of collateral tend to make secured debt much easier to pay off.

n become hazardous when it is excessive, but small quantities of debt are useful in increasing quality of life and spending power. Persons who are in a large amount of debt should not be afraid to take on additional debt for essential purchases so long as that debt is manageable. Those who are worried that their unsecured debt is ballooning should seek counseling, and those who are having trouble paying off secured debt should negotiate with their lender. Many persons who have the collateral and income necessary for secured debt are considered good risks by banks and may be able to negotiate lower rates of interest or payments. Barring that, persons who must default on any loan should seek help in softening the blow. Losing a house and access to credit may be jarring, but it is not the end of the world.

Master the art of Debt management

In making any purchase, you want that the item purchased must have a long term utility. However, while selecting the debt management technique a shift in the approach is quite noticeable. We find that short term debt management techniques like debt consolidation loans are much greater in use. Nevertheless, this is not double standard on the part of people. The choice is mostly influenced by the immediate pressure of debts.

Debt settlement techniques, which have a longer standing effect, are the rule of the day. People know them by the name of debt management in the UK. Debt management aims to strike at the roots of debt, instead of simply countering the after effects of debts. When debts are not allowed to increase, the use of debt consolidation loans and other short-term debt management techniques become redundant.

Why is debt management preferred to have a longer effect? The realisation is the result of people accepting that debt consolidation loans can give succour for only a time being, but not for ever. Even when borrowers are able to pay all the debts at a particular point of time, is there a guarantee that debts will not arise again? What shall one do at that time? Taking a new debt consolidation will not be a viable solution. The loan providers will be the first to deny loans to borrowers who have grown a habit of borrowing. And what about your home against which the loan is taken? Will it have sufficient equity left to be used for any other purposes? No! These are the reasons that have pushed borrowers towards seeking long term debt management.

Certain borrowers are perplexed at the inclusion of debt consolidation loans in debt management, when the debt management agencies themselves say that debt consolidation loans are of not much good. To this the debt management agencies reply in the following manner; “We do not recommend the total ban on the use of debt consolidation loans. What we recommend is a ban on the misuse of debt consolidation loans.”

Debt consolidation loans are rampantly used in the UK. It is because of the ease with which people are able to draw debt consolidation loans that people have started spending rashly; thus being further weighed down by debts.

Debt management agencies have come down on this habit of the people of the UK. Since debt consolidation loans abet people in taking more debts, debt management agencies also criticise debt consolidation loans.

http://www.ukdebtconsolidations.co.uk/debt_managment.html”\">Debt management makes a planned use of debt consolidation loans. Compare the situation with an ailment that a person is facing. Debt consolidation loans will be like a surgery to be performed. However, doctors will first try to cure the ailment through oral medication. The oral medication is to be given through debt counselling. Only when oral medication is not able to cure the ailment, doctors will suggest surgery, i.e. debt consolidation loans.

Debt counselling is referred to the advice to borrowers about the manner in which they can cure a debt problem. The advice is not general in nature. Debt counsellor, who is an expert, will sit with the debtor during a few sessions to discuss the details of the debt problem. When debt problem is at its preliminary stage, it will require efforts from the borrowers own side. Debt counsellor offers certain suggestions through which borrowers can bring upon a marked change in their finances. Debt management agencies have given a new look to certain age old principles of coping with debts. It is these principles that are made use of to inculcate debt sense in borrowers.

It is during these sessions that the debt counsellor will access the use of debt consolidation loans. The factors that will be considered while making the decision are as follows:

• What is the amount of debts that the debtor owes to one or different creditors?• Does the borrower have sufficient available income to repay debts on his own without using debt consolidation loans?• The nature of the debts- whether debts are accruing higher interest rate, and if they have already reached their repayment date.

The various tips that you learned during the debt management process must not be forgotten during repayment of debt consolidation loans. While debts owed to creditors have been settled, you continue to owe to the loan provider. Never must the borrower relax until the final instalment of debt consolidation has been made.

In Debt? What are Your Options?

In the UK, there are four main options for dealing with debt:

Debt consolidation - borrowing more money but reducing your monthly payment;

Debt management plan - reducing your monthly payments without borrowing more money;

Individual voluntary arrangement - a formal legal procedure which offers a write-off of debt after a prescribed period of time, generally, five years;

Bankruptcy - a formal legal procedure, which offers a write-off of debt after a prescribed time period of, generally, one year.

It is important to stress that there is no 'right' way to deal with a debt problem. Each option has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. And just as important, identifying the best option is as much to do with personal and family implications as with the financial issues.

Debt consolidation: How it works

Debt consolidation involves borrowing more money to repay your existing debts. The selling point is that the payments on the new loan will be less than you currently pay on your existing debts. This allows you to bring your income and expenditure back into balance, so solving your debt problem.

The problem with debt consolidation is that the reduction in monthly payments often comes at a heavy price.

Paying back your debt through a new loan over a longer period may sound good but take careful note of the figures. While the reduced monthly payment will help your budget, the calculation of how much you will have to pay back in total will be an unwelcome shock.

Also unwelcome if you are a homeowner may be the news that your consolidation loan is secured against your house - in effect, you are taking on a new mortgage (which is why these loans are often only advertised to homeowners). Fall behind on the consolidation loan payments and you risk losing your home.

Debt consolidation: things to be wary of

Watch out for debt consolidation companies who heavily sell additional insurances to accompany the loan. You may need protection against unemployment, sickness, or critical illness, but you will almost certainly get it cheaper if you buy it separately rather than bundled in.

If you fully understand the implications of what you are doing and are able to access new borrowing at a low rate of interest, debt consolidation can be an effective approach to a debt problem. But more often than not, it leads to worsening debt and sometimes even potential homelessness. If you are considering debt consolidation you must be aware of the downsides.

Debt consolidation is big business. And that means that some of the companies who offer loans are far more concerned with maximizing their profits than in ensuring that a consolidation loan is the right option for you. Watch out particularly for debt advice or debt management companies who suggest an additional loan without full consideration of other options.

A few years ago, debt consolidation loans were only available to those with flawless credit ratings. If you had current or previous arrears on your debt payments it was unlikely that you could access more borrowing. However, there is now a wide-range of companies that specialise in lending to borrowers who are 'credit impaired' or 'sub-prime'.

Of course, these companies do not do this out of the goodness of their hearts. The number of borrowers with current or past payment problems means that there is a large market for this borrowing with interest rates that are higher (sometimes much higher) than you might expect.

Remember that high interest debt consolidation loans - which are secured on your property - are a win-win for the lender. If you repay, then they benefit from the higher interest charges; if you default, they can repossess your home and get their money back early.

Debt consolidation loans can be a good option if:

You have the self-control to see debt consolidation as a 'once and for all' solution.

You use the reduction in outgoings to bring your budget back under control, pay back any future credit card spending in full each month without fail, and start saving for future unexpected or irregular costs;

You are prepared to shop around to identify the best value debt consolidation loan;

Debt consolidation loans can be unhelpful if:

You use some, or all of the debt consolidation loan for reasons other than repaying debt. If you need to borrow £10,000 to repay debt, then don't be tempted to borrow £12,000 to also pay for an impulse holiday;

You don't shop around and end up paying a high rate of interest on the debt consolidation loan;

You don't realize the implications of taking on a secured debt against your home.

Debt consolidation loans can be disastrous if:

You continue to accumulate debt after taking on the consolidation loan.

You cannot repay a secured debt consolidation loan and lose your home.

Advantages of debt consolidation:

You can reduce the total amount you pay each month on debt repayment.

Maintains your credit rating.
Disadvantages of debt consolidation:

Normally greatly increases how long it takes to repay your debts.

Often only advertised to homeowners.

Debt management plan

How it works

Any bank, finance company or credit card lender owed arrears by a consumer has the option to seek a judgment in the county court to reclaim their money. However, where you are not trying to avoid payment but are in genuine financial difficulty, the court is likely to order repayments based on your ability to pay.

The court accepts that you must first pay your 'priority' debts - these are debts where non payment would lead to the loss of your home (mortgage or rent payments); loss of an essential utility (gas, electricity, telephone, or water payments); loss of an essential item (cars or other hire purchase items); or could theoretically lead to imprisonment (magistrate court fines or council tax payments).

The court further accepts that you need to make other payments to maintain you and your family - so reasonable amounts for housekeeping, travel, clothing, and other similar items are taken into account.

What remains after this exercise is a guide to the amount of money left to repay your bank, credit card and other 'non priority' credit debts. The court will make a repayment order based on the figure but also take account of monies owed on other credit agreements. In addition, the court will freeze the interest charges so that the debt no longer increases.

The negotiation of reduced debt payments simulates the approach taken by the court. It involves producing a detailed income/expenditure schedule, showing how much 'spare' money is available after priority payments have been made and proposing a fair distribution of this money. At the same time, a request is also made for further interest charges to be frozen.

Arranging a debt management plan is something that you can do reasonably easily yourself, particularly if you use the self-help booklets available from National Debtline or your local Citizens Advice Bureau. However, it is also (unfortunately) true that the banks and card companies will sometimes respond more positively if a debt advice agency writes on your behalf.

Fee charging debt advice agenciesDebt advice agencies offer a similar debt advice service to the Citizens Advice Bureau but will also administer your reduced payments negotiated under a debt management plan. Your local CAB will often arrange for you to make reduced payments, but you will be responsible for making these payments.

The fee charging companies will also arrange that you pay your money over to them and they will pass it on. However, this additional facility comes at a price - the fee charging companies typically keep up to 15% of your regular payment as their fee and the whole of your first month's payment may also be swallowed up in administration costs.

Of course, paying somebody else to administer your payments means it takes longer to repay your debts. There is therefore little point in paying for a debt management company unless you think their service is worth it.

Advantages of debt management plans

Allows you to bring income and expenditure back into line without taking on more borrowing;

You can follow this option by yourself or with the help of a no fee charging debt advice agency.

Disadvantages of debt management plans

There is no guarantee that your creditors will accept the reduced payments and/or freeze future interest payments;

The time taken to repay your debt will increase. The time will further increase if you pay your debts through a fee-charging debt management company;

Your credit reference file will show details of the Debt Management Plan. This will affect your ability to get credit in the future.

Debt management plans can be a good option if your financial problems are caused by a temporary reduction in income and the situation will improve in the near future.

Debt management plans can be unhelpful if:

Your ability to pay your debts will not improve within 12 months.

Debt management plans can be disastrous if:

The fees taken by commercial debt management companies and the refusal of banks and credit card companies to freeze interest means that your debt steadily increases.

Individual Voluntary Arrangements

At best, an IVA can be an excellent solution for somebody faced with an overwhelming debt problem. At worst it provides a moneymaking opportunity for the increasing number of companies that advertise IVAs. You must make sure that this is a suitable option for you and that the company operating the IVA fully understand and represent your financial situation.

How It Works

A specialist insolvency adviser, called an Insolvency Practitioner, draws up a proposal for you to repay a specified amount in full repayment of your debt. The payment can be made in a lump sum or over a period of time - often up to five years. The companies owed money agree to write off any debt still outstanding once you have made the agreed payment. The amount paid under the IVA is normally calculated with reference to the amount that would be collected if you were to be made bankrupt.

There is normally no up-front fee to pay in using an Insolvency Practitioner - the costs of the IVA are written into the arrangement. But you should be aware that the costs can be high (we are talking thousands of pounds for even a simple IVA). It is vital that you understand how the costs will affect how much you will pay and the proportion of your payments that will be paid to your Insolvency Practitioner rather than to repay your debt.

Advantages of IVAs:

Allow you to repay your debt at an affordable rate over a reduced period of time. Alternatively, the IVA may be proposed on the basis that your family or friends are prepared to help meet your debts;

Offers the advantages of bankruptcy but without some of the restrictions and disadvantages.

Disadvantages of IVAs:

The costs of setting up an IVA can be surprisingly (some would say outrageously) high;

You may have to pay an upfront fee;

Defaulting on the payment arrangement can lead to bankruptcy;

The regulation of Insolvency Practitioners is fragmented and many consumer groups report situations where Insolvency Practitioners seem more interested in the fees that they earn rather than the success of the IVA;

Your credit reference file will contain details of your payment default.

IVAs can be a good option if:

You face a large debt problem and a debt management plan will involve payments over a greatly extended period;

You are faced with bankruptcy but wish to avoid the associated restrictions and disadvantages;

You identify an Insolvency Practitioner who you can trust to propose a realistic, workable, and, if appropriate, sustainable arrangement which works to the benefit of both you and the companies to whom you owe money.

IVAs can be unhelpful if you don't shop around to find an Insolvency Practitioner who understands your problems and who you feel you can trust.

IVAs can be disastrous if you agree to make regular payments that you know you won't be able to sustain.

BankruptcyBankruptcy is a formal legal process that draws a line under your debts. It involves the sale of any items of value that belong to you (but some items, such as your basic household goods will not be taken). It may also require that you make regular payments from your income if you can afford this after you have paid your essential domestic and work costs.

Bankruptcy is not an easy way out of paying your debts but it is an option to consider if you face overwhelming debt pressure and can see no possibility of being able to meet your liabilities. It is generally a more attractive option for those with few or no assets.

How bankruptcy works

Bankruptcy can be started by the person who owes money or by the firms who are waiting for missed payments. Banks and other finance companies will generally only make someone bankrupt if they think if it is financially worthwhile. However, this does not stop them threatening bankruptcy even where they know that they will not follow through. If you are being threatened with bankruptcy, you should get advice urgently (your local Citizens Advice Bureau or other free independent advice agency is a good starting point).

Once bankrupt, you are under the control of the bankruptcy trustee. They will arrange to sell items of value belonging to you (including your house if you are a homeowner and the sale value is more than your mortgage debt) and will want to discuss what regular payments you can make. The trustee has the power to examine the way you conducted your finances prior to bankruptcy, particularly if you gave away or sold assets. You are required to cooperate with the trustee.

A recent change in the law means that those experiencing bankruptcy for the first time can normally expect to be discharged after a maximum period of one year. You are then released from your debts (although you may be required to make regular payments for up to three years). You are expected to learn from your experience. People who go bankrupt again get a much tougher time.

Advantages of bankruptcy:

Limits the period over which you repay your debt;
Provides legal protection in respect of your debts;

Disadvantages of bankruptcy:

You are subject to the control of the court;

You face the loss of assets other than those necessary to satisfy your domestic needs, your tools of the trade, and vehicles you need in the course of your employment (which does not include travel to and from work);

Gas, electricity, and telephone contracts will need to be put in to the name of another adult who lives with you. If there is no other adult, you will have to change to a prepayment system or lose the service;

You cannot hold certain public offices while you have not been discharged from bankruptcy, nor can you continue as a director of a limited company;

Your access to credit will be severely restricted until you are discharged; thereafter you will pay higher rates of interest until you have re-established your credit rating;

Some debts will not be included within the bankruptcy. These include mortgage and other secured debts, magistrate court fines, debts payable after personal injury claims, and debts to the student loans company;

Any determination by the court that you have acted dishonestly or recklessly can lead to restrictions on your discharge from bankruptcy;

You will normally lose the use of your bank account and will be forced to open a 'basic' account with no overdraft and limited other facilities;

You should assume that your employer, friends, and neighbors will find out about your bankruptcy. Your bankruptcy will be publicized in the local Press and is available to anyone who wants to request information about you;

You will have to pay £475 to petition for bankruptcy.

Bankruptcy can be a good option if:

You face a substantial debt problem, few assets, and limited ability to pay your debts;

Bankruptcy can be unhelpful if:

You are attracted by the advantages without fully considering the downsides of the bankruptcy procedure and aftermath;

Bankruptcy can be disastrous if:

You have assets which will be seized by the bankruptcy trustee;

Your employment, business or personal relationships will be detrimentally affected.

Bill Bailey is a freelance financial journalist. More financial advice at http://www.schnafflehound.com/finance

Motivated by Oprah's Debt Diet?

Oprah introduces a step-by-step plan to help America get out of debt. Learn how it can help you, plus extra "Secret Sauce" to make the debt diet work for YOU!

Friday, February 17, 2006 marked the first of a multi-part series for The Oprah Winfrey Show, where Oprah challenged Americans to get out of debt. Oprah teamed up with three of the nations top financial experts to create a step-by-step action plan to show her viewers how to get out of debt. Oprah featured Jean Chatzky, Glinda Bridgforth, David Bach as her top financial experts.

Oprah compared Americas over-spending habits to our similar over-eating habits. She showed how compulsive spending is much like compulsive eating and how America doesn't just have a high rate of obesity in our body, but obesity in our debt.

Oprah featured three families that were suffering from their high debt. First, there was the Widlund's, who had the lowest annual income at over $75,000 and $81,000 in debt! Then there was the Eggleston's, making about $92,000 a year and with $115,000 in debt. And the Bradley's topped it off with over $100,000 a year income and $170,000 in debt.

The Four Steps of the Debt Diet,
WITH some Special "Secret Sauce" added... Enjoy!

Debt Diet Step 1:
How much debt do you really have?

Calculate how much debt you really have so you can begin paying it down.

Often times many people do not even know how much debt they really have. This is an important step to getting your debt under control.

It's a good idea to run a three-in-one credit report. A three-in-one credit report is a combined credit report from each of the three credit bureaus (Experian, Equifax, and TranUnion). Whether you regularly get monthly statements or not, running this kind of credit report will show you any old debts that you still may owe, along with anything that may be being reported to the bureaus for which you may not be responsible.

Our Special "Secret Sauce" for Step 1 of the Debt Diet:
What "kind" is just as important as how much...

Knowing your "Point A", your "current reality" or where you're starting from IS the best place to start. If you were driving to New York, how would you know where to go if you didn't know where you were starting from?

...But knowing how much debt you have is only one side of the coin.
The other side of the coin is knowing what kind of debt you have.

Knowing how much of each type of debt you have will make a HUGE difference in understanding which options are available to you, AND how each option will impact you.

TAKE ACTION!
Organize your debt into these categories:

• Secured Debt - This includes any debt secured by a title or asset, like a house, car, motorcycle, boat, RV, etc. This may also include dirt bikes, quads, jewelry, or furniture.
• "Qualified" Unsecured Debt - This includes all unsecured debt (debt NOT secured by a title or asset) that may qualify for debt management programs such as credit counseling, debt negotiation / settlement or other debt management programs.

Qualified unsecured debt includes credit cards, personal loans, credit unions, hospital & medical bills, collection accounts, and deficiency balances.

Some examples of unsecured debt that is not qualified for debt management programs are payday loans, cash advances, MAC tools, Military accounts (Star, Omni, etc.), public utilities, personal loans from family or friends, and student loans.
• Other Unsecured Debt - All unsecured debt ""not included"" above
• Student Loan Debt - Self explanatory.
• Tax Debt - Any debts owed to the IRS or State TAX authority.

Once you know how much of each kind of debt you have, document it and keep it handy. If your situation changes, update your info and keep it current.

Debt Diet Step 2:
Track your spending and find extra money to pay down the debt.

Cut back on daily extras and find savings where you least expect them.

Track Your Spending:
This is a multi-part step. The first part is to track your spending. Track each and every penny that you spend, whether it's food, coffee, gum, bills, etc., track it and write it down for review.

This alone can be very powerful. It can show you just how much of your money is eaten up on the little things. This is what one of Oprah Experts refer to as the "Latté Factor®." Say you buy a latté every day... after all, it's just $5, right? But added to the soda each day, a snack from the vending machine at work, some gum and maybe some candy, too it really starts to add up! Just $10 a day can double the minimum payment on a $10,000 credit card! That's up to $3,600 a year!

Trim the Fat:
The next part to this step is "trimming the fat." Look at where you are spending your money. It's time to make sacrifices. Try using a budget calculator to find some extra cash to pay down your debts. From cutting back to basic cable or not eating out as much to downsizing your big-screen T.V. and giving up the extra car, cutting back on these extra expenses can really cut back on your total debt!

Our Special "Secret Sauce" for Step 2 of the Debt Diet:
DID YOU KNOW That Most People Spend 10% More Than They Make?

You probably know how much money you made last month, but do you know how much money you spent? Or do you know how much money you have left to spend this month? If you don't, you're not alone, most people have no idea.

The fact is most of us spend 10% more per month than we make. That comes out to $431 per month based on the average American income. No wonder the average credit card debt is now at $8,500!

So why is it so difficult to track your spending? Today we live in a near "cashless" society. Using debit cards, credit cards, automatic deposits, and wire transfers, we rarely even see our money. It's easier than ever to spend, spend, spend!

We Need A New Way To Manage Our Money

Traditionally, many people managed their money by dividing their cash into several paper envelopes. An envelope for food, entertainment, utilities etc. They then spent their money from these envelopes. They always knew how much money they had left to spend, and how long it had to last. So how can we use such a simple, effective system today, when we don't even see most of our money?

TAKE ACTION!
• Track every penny that you spend for the next 30 days
• Create a spending plan and stick to it!

Debt Diet Step 3:
Learn to play the credit card game.

Get expert advice about how to lower creditor's interest rates.

This, again, is a two-part step. The first step is attacking your interest rates. Many people who are deep in debt are suffering from high interest rates. Creditors may raise your interest rates if you are ever late on any payments or simply because you have too much debt.

You will want to contact each of your creditors and lower your interest rates. This is not always easy but if you follow some of these simple secrets, you may find that your results are better than you would expect!

Once you have gotten your interest rates lowered, you will want to re-assess how you use the money you have allotted to pay them off. You can also use the extra money from your budget that you uncovered to pay your cards off quicker.

Our Special "Secret Sauce" for Step 3 of the Debt Diet:
Know your options.

Making minimum payments is simply not smart. It's purely in the best financial interests of the bank, not you. If you can afford to pay OVER the minimum payment each month, then you can use an accelerated payoff plan (AKA: "roll up" / "roll down") to avoid paying insane amounts of interest and get out of debt faster.

You can use the Dead on Last Payment—or DOLP™— method as mentioned by David Bach or a system that pays off the highest interest rate card first, such as the debt calculator included in the Mvelopes Personal Budgeting System (saving you the most money and getting you debt free faster).

But what other options exist?

• Did you know that credit counseling could significantly reduce your interest rates and get you debt free faster?
• What about debt settlement? Did you know you could be debt free for lot less than what you owe, like 60%? ...And completely eliminate interest?
• Is bankruptcy right for you?

These questions are worth looking into. In fact, they could be worth THOUSANDS of dollars to you, if you know your options and make the right choice. They could mean the difference between freeing yourself from debt in 30 years or in 30 months.
Don't you think it would be wise to get some quality answers and truly know your options?

TAKE ACTION!
While learning to play the credit card game and getting expert advice about how to lower creditor's interest rates is important, we think it's more financially intelligent to take it a step further. There IS more out there and you deserve to know the truth about which options exist for you and how each option would impact you.

REMEMBER: Always beware of anyone offering only one option.
Learn about and consider all of your options before choosing what's best for you.

Debt Diet Step 4:
Stop spending.

Teach yourself to spend less and save more every day.

This step is everlasting and can take a lot of focus and energy. For many people, they must break life-long habits in order to make this work. Creating your budget will help tremendously. At that point, you only have so much per week, or per month, to spend on any given category (groceries, entertainment, cigarettes, etc). The more to stick to the budget, the more you will begin to get comfortable with it.

Our Special "Secret Sauce" for Step 4 of the Debt Diet:

While you must control your spending in order to overcome debt, it's good to point out that this step holds a SECRET...

Money is a highly emotionally charged subject. Spending is emotional.

So how do we deal with it?
How do we control our spending?

The secret is that our deep, emotionally driven need to spend money is actually the key to gaining control. Even better, we can harness these same emotional drives that have caused us to spend out of control to awaken our financial genius.

If you want more... but instead of being able to afford it, you go into more debt, well, that's not very financially smart. You will need to STOP SPENDING and discipline your self to create and stick to a spending plan.

But remember what you want!

If you want to spend, that's great! HOW CAN YOU?

More income is usually the answer. It's critical to control spending. At the same time, it becomes the perfect motivator for you to stick to your budget and find ways to "trim the fat" AND to earn more money ...so you can buy the things you want!

Having a clear, motivating goal and purpose is what you need to stick to any plan, especially a spending plan.

TAKE ACTION!
Decide what you really want and why you want it. Get committed! Then sticking to a spending plan will be possible. Along the way, controlling your spending will become freeing, fun and fulfilling.

• Think about what you really want. Define it clearly and specifically. Write it down as your goal.
• Focus on this goal whenever you meet resistance in starting or sticking to your Debt Diet.
• Realize that in order for you to have what you want, you simply must follow the steps of the debt diet.

America's Debt Diet: "What's for Dessert?"
Oprah's Debt Diet has taken America by storm. Since originally aired, and reinforced with each new part of the series, millions of Americans are taking the steps necessary to begin their path to financial freedom. No matter how you decide you need to go about it, it is critical that those who need help start now!

The techniques taught in the Debt Diet are very powerful and can help a lot of America relieve the pain of their debt. It's important to keep up these good habits no matter what you do. However, for many families out there, it just is not enough.

Many families have already "trimmed the fat." Anymore and they would not eat. Many families are not able to get their interest rates lower. Many families have lost income or a spouse's income and simply can no longer afford to pay for the debt they have already accrued.

• What if these steps are not enough?
• What other options exist?
• How can you gain the advantage in a financial hardship situation?

For people in these situations, the Debt Diet just isn't enough. It may be time to start looking for a better debt solution to help you get free from your debt.

Hopefully, you will take advantage of the special "secret sauce" we've shared with you here to make your debt diet more successful and enjoyable!

Cheers!

Do You Believe Any of These Top 10 Myths About Debt Consolidation?

Most people facing growing debt and limited resources have probably looked around for financial solutions and heard a little bit about debt consolidation. Debt consolidation is a great financial option to overcome overwhelming debt, but it is not right for everyone. But before you can figure out if it is right for you, you have to realize that some of what you may have thought about debt consolidation ... is wrong.

Of all the financial plans available for people dealing with overwhelming debt, debt consolidation is probably the most valuable and the least understood. In fact, you may already believe some of these common myths about debt consolidation. Find out the truth!

Myth #1 Debt consolidation is the same or similar to debt management, debt settlement, and bankruptcy.

Truth Debt consolidation is nothing like those other programs. In truth, it is not so much a "program" (you can even do it on your own, if you know enough) but more of a strategic approach.

In debt consolidation, you lump all of your debts together and repackage them. Debt settlement and debt management typically involve dealing with a company or counselor and the object is to reduce the amount you owe. Bankruptcy is a legal proceeding that involves a date with a judge.

Myth #2 Debt consolidation reduces your debt.

Truth No, it doesn't. If you owe a total of $80,000 on several credit cards and loans and you consolidate that debt, you still owe $80,000.

Debt consolidation does not re-negotiate, settle, write off, or reduce any of your debt. What possible advantage is re-organizing your debt like that?

If you have a lot of loans at high interest rates, repackaging those higher-interest debts into one larger loan at a lower rate reduces your interest and the amount you have to pay. This means you can either pay less a month or (even better) pay the same amount but get the debt paid off sooner.

Myth #3 Debt consolidation will hurt my credit score.

Truth Done properly, debt consolidation will not impact your credit score or credit report negatively. In fact, debt consolidation may even improve your credit score! That's because you'll be paying off a bunch of smaller loans and any time a loan is paid in full, that helps your credit score.

Myth #4 Debt consolidation requires getting help from an outside agency or a lawyer.

Truth While there are companies that specialize in debt consolidation programs, you do not have to use them to consolidate your debt.

Of course, if you want to consolidate your debt on your own, you have to know a bit about how to do it and what the options are. But it can definitely be a do-it-yourself project for people good with money (or who are willing to learn enough to get good with money).

Debt consolidation is also not necessarily visible to outsiders. Your bank, the credit bureau, and other parties may not even be aware that you have consolidated debt.

Myth #5 Debt consolidation is something for financial losers and lightweights, not for people who know how to manage money.

Truth This is the most far-out myth about debt consolidation. Debt consolidation is a principle that is used in business and by the super-wealthy all of the time. It is a way of organizing and structuring your debts in a way that is most advantageous to you.

Myth #6 Debt consolidation is just robbing Peter to pay Paul; you're just getting more debt!

Truth Debt consolidation is indeed a way for you to pay off one debt by getting another debt. But not all debts are equal.

As an example, let's say that you owe $10,000 and the loan is set up so that you have to pay 22% interest. For example, let's suppose that I go to my credit union and work out a deal to borrow $10,000 at 12% interest. While both debts are still in the amount of $10,000, the debt at 12% interest is a better deal for me. I won't have to pay as much per month or, if I make the biggest payments I can, I can pay it off sooner.

Myth #7 Debt consolidation requires you to be a homeowner.

Truth There is a grain of truth to this, in that owning a home definitely offers an advantage to anyone who wants to consolidate debt. (It doesn't matter if your home is paid for or not, but you do need some home equity.) However, you can consolidate debt without owning a home, too.

Myth #8 Debt consolidation will make it harder for me to get future loans.

Truth In most cases, it is unlikely that anyone but a forensic accountant could figure out that you consolidated your debt (unless you go through a debt consolidation companythat might leave a paper trail).

If you borrow money in one loan and then take out another, more advantageous loan to pay off the first one, you're more likely to leave a paper trail of somebody who pays off debt responsibly. It is more likely to make you a desirable creditor.

Myth #9 People who consolidate debt just wind up digging themselves in deeper in debt!

Truth It is absolutely possible to consolidate your debt and then keep spending and get yourself in a big mess. That's why you need good information and a plan to pay off your existing debt, manage your finances now, and start planning for your financial future.

There is no reason that debt consolidation cannot work to get you out of debt for good, but you have to have a plan.

Myth #10 Debt consolidation will allow me to write off some of my debts and it will stop bill collectors from calling.

Truth Let's take these one at a time.

Unlike bankruptcy, debt consolidation will not allow you to write off any of your debtnot a penny of it. Whatever you owed as a debt before debt consolidation is the amount you'll owe after debt consolidation.

The advantage is just that you structure it in a more favorable loan. You do not get existing debts cancelled or decreased! Now it's true you can work that out in other debt management solutions (debt settlement lets you reduce debt, bankruptcy will let you write some debt off) but they come at a very high price. Both of these approaches will have a negative impact on your credit score, will make it hard for you to get future loans, and stay on your record for quite a while. Bankruptcy, in particular, is an extreme solution that involves an actual court proceeding and a judge who has the authority to make certain decisions about your financial situation (including forcing you to sell some items to pay off debts).

Debt consolidation can only stop bill collectors indirectly. Here's how: let's say you have six debts and you're getting calls all of the time. If you consolidate your six debts into one large debt consolidation loan at more favorable terms, you'll pay off all of those debts. Bye-bye, bill collectors!

However, if you don't pay off your new debt consolidaiton loan on time, the bill collectors will start calling again.

Credit Card Debt Consolidation: Finding The Right Program - Advantages And Disadvantages

You never know when and who would need help from a credit card debt consolidation program. Sometimes unexpected circumstances can lead to financial difficulties which in turn would lead you to consider debt consolidation. Some of these circumstances are loss of job, loss in business, death of an earning member and so on. If you are finding it hard to pay off your credit card loans, then it is wise to consider debt consolidation. This is much better than bankruptcy. This article will help you with steps in finding the right credit card debt consolidation program, make you aware of the advantages and disadvantages of debt consolidation so you can decide whether credit card debt consolidation is the best option for you or not.

Basics of Debt Consolidation

Debt Consolidation is a big loan that will pay off your credit card loans. There are several ways these debt consolidation programs work. The most popular way is to take one lump sum amount of money from you (the borrower) and distribute it to your credit card companies (the lenders). All your loans will be consolidated into one payment usually withdrawn directly from your bank on a fixed date every month. These programs make the card holders life easier.

As a general rule, if you have many credit cards from different companies with high interest rates, then debt consolidation can help you manage your debt with only one bill and much lower APRs. These debt consolidation companies negotiate a lower interest rate for you and this can save a lot of money in the long run. This will work out in your favor if you have credit cards with APRs of around 30% because the debt consolidation programs can reduce these interest rates to between 12% - 18%. These programs require a monthly administration fees, which is usually around and this will come off your savings. Remember if the admin fee does not come off your savings, then it is not a good idea to sign up for a debt consolidation program.

So it looks like everything about the credit card debt consolidation is positive. Well, it is not always the case. There are a few advantages and also disadvantages of debt consolidation programs. You have to find a balance between them. The fact is that credit card debt consolidation companies do help you in paying off your debt. Here are some advantages and disadvantages of these programs.

Advantages

1. Decreased payment amounts: The monthly payments will be less than what you were paying before debt consolidation because you are paying off the loan over a longer duration.

2. Simpler to manage: After you signup in the debt consolidation program, you will have a relief from reading your credit card statements, deciding how much to pay for each credit card and then making the payments one by one. Usually, the company will withdraw the money directly from the bank and you will not have to be concerned about late payments.

3. Decreased interest rates: This is one of the major advantages for many credit card owners. Some of the debt consolidation companies bring down the interest rates much lower than the current ones. This can save lots of money for you.

4. Debt Management tips: Many of the good debt consolidation give lots of free tips on managing your debt. They draw out a plan on debt management. These tips are invaluable. They even mail out booklets on debt management.

Disadvantages

1. Lower FICO scores: Many experts debate that debt consolidation does not have any effect on credit (FICO) scores the fact is that debt consolidation has a negative effect on the credit scores. Enrolling into debt consolidation will always be reflected in your credit history. Most credit repair companies mention that it is difficult to increase your credit score if you are currently working with a debt consolidation program. Your credit scores can be raised after you have paid off the loans and are not currently in any debt consolidation program. Even if you can remove one credit card from the debt consolidation program that can help you increase your credit scores.

2. Higher Payment: Since your payments are made over a longer duration of time i.e. in more number of the years, then you will end up paying more in the long run. One way to prevent this is - if your financial situation has improved, then you can pay off larger sum of money. Most of times there will be no penalty for paying off the debt sooner than the agreed number of months. Before enrolling in a credit card debt consolidation program, you can confirm if there is a penalty or not for paying off the debt sooner than the agreed number of months.

3. Credit cards inactivation: If a credit card payment is enrolled in a debt consolidation program, then that particular card account will be inactivated. i.e., that credit card can no longer be used.

4. Negative Impact on Future Loans: Once you have enrolled in a credit card debt consolidation program, this will remain in your credit history. So, all future loan requests (new credit card applications, home loan, car (automobile) loans etc.) will involve references to your debt consolidation. i.e., the lender will have knowledge about your participation in debt consolidation program. Some people are very uncomfortable about this but it is up to you decide. Your credit history is a private record and will be provided by credit score companies only on a need-to-know basis. If you apply for home loan, then the chances of getting rejected is higher and if you get accepted, then mortgage broker will ask for explanation. Again all these conversations are kept confidential.

So, the question is - when should you consider a credit card debt consolidation? If you are paying high interest rates around 30% on a credit card, you have many credit cards, you are unable to make payments or your are barely able to make just the minimum monthly payments, you are finding it difficult to manage all the payments etc., you must consider signing up for a credit card debt consolidation program. After reading through the advantages and disadvantages mentioned earlier, make decision about signing up or not signing up for credit card debt consolidation program.

How to find a good debt consolidation program / company?

Signing up with the right debt consolidation program is critical for saving money and successfully consolidating your debt. There are a good number of scams in the debt consolidation business so it is in your best interest to proceed cautiously to prevent being victim of a scam. Here are some very good sources of finding the right debt consolidation program.

1. References from friends and relatives: It is best to ask your trusted friends if they have any recommendations for reliable credit card debt consolidation program i.e., if they have enrolled in one of these or know of anyone who enrolled in one and is satisfied. As mentioned before, there are many scams and so with this option, you can feel safe. This should be your first option.

2. Television advertisements: Most of big and established companies run advertisements on TV. These are companies that have a lot of experience and have been successful with debt consolidation. But it is a wise thing to research the company. Look for their website and check for their standing in Better Business Bureau (BBB) and must have been in existence for a few years. Also, search http://ripoffreport.com website for this company - this website where victims of scams post their experiences.

3. Mails: When you are unable to payoff debt on time, you will receive mails from some companies that will offer help with debt consolidation. These companies have permission to access some of your basic information. The good thing here is that your fit their profile of enrollees and that is why you received a mail with their credit card debt consolidation services. As mentioned earlier, research these companies using the same methods described above.

4. Telemarketing phone calls: Typically, telemarketing phone calls that you get is because your debt situation is such that it fits the requirement of their enrollees. If you receive a phone call, remember to never enroll in the first phone call. Note down all the details of this company such as the websites, contact person and phone number to call. Research the company extensively as mentioned above.

5. Online Research: Research the internet for good credit card debt consolidation companies both non profit and profit companies. Once you create a list of possible companies, research the companies extensively. Talk to these companies until you are comfortable about enrolling with them.

For a few months or years, if you can handle the disadvantages of credit card debt consolidation programs, then enroll in a program. Debt consolidation can get you out of your current debt problems and save you a lot of money by lowering your interest rates but if you do not spend judiciously, then you will be back into the same debt problems and this cycle will never end. So the long term solution to debt problems is to change your spending habits and live slightly below your means. Remember you need to manage the money / debt and NOT let the money / debt manage you.

Not All Debt is Bad

So you are in debt-who isn't these days? We live in a society that encourages people to go into debt. Credit card commercials tell us that a trip to Jamaica is just what we need, regardless of whether we can afford it. (That's what your gold card is for, right?)

Loan brokers want us to borrow up to 125 percent against our home equity. Even the federal government just had its first balanced budget in a generation and now faces the enormous task of paying off over trillions of dollars in debt.

Yet not everyone is in debt. Many people know how to deal with money. Their debts are manageable, and they have money in the bank. That sounds nice, doesn't it money in the bank? That is what you deserve. In order to get there, however, you are going to have to change some of your thinking about money and learn a few new methods of dealing with it.

Why Are You in Debt?
People who are not in debt think about and treat money differently than the rest of us. They know a few things about money and debt that escape the rest of us. Let's call them the "financially literate." If you can begin to relate to money as they do, you will be well on your way to a life that is not only debt-free, but also prosperous. What we hope to do in this book is to show you some of their secrets so you can adapt a few of these ideas and tools to help you get out of debt.

Do not feel too badly if you are not good with a dollar, a lot of people aren't. Money literacy is not taught in schools, and too often parents are too busy trying to dig themselves out of their own financial hole to help much either. Yet, unfortunately for many of us, we learn more about money from our parents than anywhere else. The good news is that learning how to get out of debt and become more financially literate is not all that complicated.

The first step in the process is to figure out how you created so much debt, because if you don't figure out how and why you got yourself into this pickle, you might get out of debt, but you certainly won't stay out. So the first question to ask yourself is: Why did you go into debt in the first place?

Sometimes going into debt is unavoidable, but often it is not. When money is tight, you have several options; going into debt is just the easiest. Instead of choosing more debt, you might have decided to work overtime and make more money, or possibly you could have tightened your belt and spent less money. Debt was not your only choice.

There are many reasons people go into debt: some are good reasons, and some are bad. It doesn't matter. Did you buy luxuries you could otherwise not afford? Did an illness or a divorce set you back financially? Was debt your way of dealing with some other sudden, unexpected expense? When you look at the reason why you went into debt, the important thing is to notice whether your spending habits follow a pattern. If you can see a pattern, you need to address that pattern as much as the underlying debt.

Consider Mark and Diane. They both make a good living: he's a psychiatrist, and she's a psychologist. They have two kids to whom they are devoted. They send both to private school, which costs a total of $15,000 a year, and both kids go to summer camp. This expense adds up.

Mark and Diane don't buy luxuries, they don't travel much, and, except for the kids' expenses, they are very frugal. Yet the only way they can pay for everything is by going into debt. They use their home equity line of credit and credit cards to stay afloat. Although they would like to move to a less expensive neighborhood, they can't because they have no equity in their home, so they are stuck.

What are they to do? If they are going to get out of debt, something in their lives is going to have to change. The private school is going to have to go, camp may be out, or they are going to have to start making more money. The same is true for you. If you want to get out of debt, you are going to have to identify why you went into debt and change that behavior or pattern.

Good and Bad Debt
Debt in and of itself is not a bad thing. Both of us (the authors) were able to start our own businesses because of debt; Steve began his own law practice, and Azriela began her own entrepreneurial consulting business. So we understand what debt is and why some debt is great debt.

Debt allows you to do things you otherwise normally could not do, such as start a business, go to college, or pay for a home. Debt constructs buildings and funds investments and entire corporations-even the government is funded by debt. The trick is to foster debts that help the cause and banish the ones that don't. Not all debts are bad debts.

Good Debt
Debt that helps you, enriches your life, is manageable, and is not a burden can be called good debt. For example, student loans are good debt if they enabled you to get through school and further your life goals. They are bad debt if you dropped out of medical school after one year to become a writer. A good debt helps; a bad debt hinders. We want to help you get rid of that bad debt.

Other examples of debt that may be considered good include:
1. Home loans. A mortgage can be a great debt. Not only does it permit you to own your own home, but it also allows you to build home equity. People who are financially savvy earn interest and equity. People who are not financially savvy pay interest and create money for others. For example, charging groceries means that you will pay about 17 percent interest on items that will be consumed within a week. A financially literate person would never do that.

2. Car loans. A car loan can be a fine debt because you get something long-lasting out of the debt. If you need a nice car for your job (if you are a real estate agent, for example), a car loan may be considered good debt because it helps you in your career. However, a car loan that you cannot afford is a bad debt because it detracts from your life.

3. Business loans. If you can service the loan, and it helps you make more money, the loan is good debt, but if the loan is nothing but a source of problems for you, the debt is bad.

4. Credit cards. Credit cards are fantastic. They are convenient and easy. They can help finance a business or even medical emergencies. The problem with them, as you probably know only too well, is that it is too easy to fall under their siren spell and get in over your head before you know it. That's when they begin to hurt your life more than help it.

Bad Debt Blues
How do you know if your debt is good debt or bad debt? Easy. Bad debts cause stress. You sleep poorly because of them. They cause fights and foster guilt. Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell was once asked to define obscenity. Hard-pressed to come up with a definition, Powell uttered the famous line, "I know it when I see it." The same could be said for bad debt: You know it when you see it, and it certainly can be obscene.

Bad debt seems impossible to pay back. You create bad debt when you charge things you don't need or when you borrow for things that you consume quickly, such as clothes, meals, or vacations. The things quickly disappear, but the debt has a nasty habit of sticking around, seemingly forever. Bad debts can become very bad debts because of interest and penalties. For example, if you buy a CD player for $200 and don't pay it off by the end of the year, and your credit card company charges a usurious 20 percent APR (20 percent per year), you owe $220 by the end of the year. If you do this with five items, you owe $1100, and that's a lot of money.

Money Talks
Tight for money? Here are some simple ways to save a little extra: Don't use ATMs at other banks and avoid $2 user fees; cancel your movie channels on cable and save about $20 per month; put all of your change at the end of the day in a jar and save about $50 a month; hold a garage sale and make about $200; cancel your cell phone and save $50 a month.

You can create bad debt when you agree to pay these crazy interest rates that some creditors charge, because the debt seems to grow exponentially. Credit cards are the prime culprit, but they are by no means the only one. High interest can also come with personal loans, business loans, or unpaid taxes.

You know what the bad debt dance looks like, anyone reading this book does: New bills are coming in before you've cleared out those from last month. You're surprised to find that the phone bill is still unpaid. Somehow the dentist was never sent his check. You know what past-due notices look like. Your Visa and MasterCard bills include late payment penalties. The hardware store sends a letter telling you you're past due and requests that you send a check at once. There is more month left at the end of your money, and payday seems far away. Worst of all, these things don't surprise you anymore.

Avoidance is a common coping mechanism to deal with a budget that doesn't balance. The problem is, it can create even more problems than you already have:

Your property could be repossessed. The finance company can come take your car. The electronics store can come take its TV back. You could get sued. If that happens, your wages could be garnished, or your bank account could be levied upon. Imagine your surprise when you go to get that $1,000 out of your checking account to pay your mortgage and you find that it has been seized by one of your creditors.

A lien can be placed on your real estate. Failure to pay a bill now means that a creditor can get a judgment against you and force you to pay it later when you sell your house, only then you will pay it with 10 percent interest per year.

Loss of services. You could lose your insurance or your utility services if you avoid paying those bills.

Yet, as much as you have been avoiding the problem, the truth is that your debts are neither crushing nor hopeless. They are simply a problem-one for which there is a solution. But no one ever eliminated a problem until he or she recognized and admitted that there was a problem. You began to do that the moment you read this articles. As you read it, you will need to begin to formulate a debt-reduction plan that will work for you. As you do, you need to determine which debts are necessary and which are not.

Debts You Want to Keep
Steve, one of the authors of this book, is a bankruptcy attorney. One day, an old acquaintance named Bill came into his office and said that he needed some help getting out of debt, but he also wanted to avoid bankruptcy if at all possible. They talked, came up with a plan of action, and Bill went on his way. About four years later, Steve ran into Bill again and asked how things were; Bill relayed the following story.

Bill had $30,000 in credit card debt and was behind two months on his mortgage when he left Steve's office. That day, Bill finally decided that something had to change. He wanted to pay everyone back, put some money in savings, and keep his house. His mortgage was his largest, and favorite, debt because he loved his house.

Bill's first order of business was to prioritize his debts. Wanting to save his house, Bill called his lender and found out that it had a program that would enable him to roll his mortgage arrears onto the end of his loan. He was therefore able to keep his most important debt and focus his energies on getting rid of the debts he didn't want anymore.

Bill put together a credit card repayment plan. He started living a bit more frugally, making some extra money by moonlighting, and paying more on his credit cards than the minimum. He was diligent, but not always perfect. Although it took him several years, he finally did get out of debt. He also kept his house and even created a little nest egg. Bill did it, and you can too.

Debts to Get Rid Of
If you want to prosper financially, there are plenty of debts that you will want to wipe out. The most obvious are those where you are paying high interest and penalties, things such as credit cards, lines of credit, taxes, or any other debt that is much higher than inflation. In this articles, you will see how to formulate a plan that will enable you to get out from under these burdensome debts. But as you contemplate this plan, you also need to prioritize certain debts and pay them on time:
1. Rent or mortgage. Make paying your rent or mortgage a top priority. Payments on a home equity line of credit or second mortgage are also essential because you can lose your house if you don't pay.
2. Car payments. Make the payments. If you don't, the car will be repossessed.
3. Utility bills. These services are important, and the bills usually have heavy late payment penalties.
4. Child support or alimony. Not paying these debts can land you in jail.
5. Taxes. Taxes may be put off for awhile if necessary, and we show you how to do so later on in the book, but if the IRS is about to take your paycheck, bank account, house, or other property, you should set up a repayment plan immediately.

The First Rule of Holes: Stop Digging!
The goal of this articles is to help you get out of debt within the context of making your life work. You will not be asked to make radical, unreasonable changes in your life because doing so rarely works. Instead, important, sometimes gradual, small but significant changes can make a big difference.

If you are going to start getting out of debt, you have to stop going into debt. One way to start is to begin to wean yourself from the credit card teat if you think that is part of your problem. You don't have to cut up all your credit cards; that would be impractical and unreasonable. Start slowly, but build up to it and get strong. You can do it. The only way to stop going into debt is to stop going into debt. You might as well start now because the sooner you start, the sooner you will get out of debt. The longer you wait, the longer it will take.

We will show you how to easily trim your budget (well, almost easily) so that you need not incur more debt to stay afloat. But begin now. You are going to have to stop sooner or later. Down the road you will see that this is one of the most important steps you can take in getting out of debt. You will thank yourself for this gift. Remember the first rule of holes: Stop digging!

Long-Term Goals
Now is the time to begin to think about your long range financial vision. What is it you hope to accomplish by getting out of debt? Changing some habits?

Paying off your MasterCard? Probably what you really want is a less stressful life, one that's free from money worries. But you can have even more. Getting out of debt is one thing, but prosperity is another thing altogether.

You have read this once already, and you will read it again in this book: If you don't begin to do some things differently, to change the way you think and treat money, you might get out of debt, but you won't stay out of debt. If you do make some simple changes to your thinking and your behavior, not only will you get out of debt, but you also will get ahead. You will get what you deserve: a life of abundance.

The Least You Need to Know
1. Going into debt for essentials makes financial sense; doing so for nonessentials does not.
2. Not all debt is bad debt.
3. You may want to keep debts that enhance your life and get rid of the rest.
4. Stop adding to your debt right now.
5. Cultivate a long-term plan of action.

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